Working Principle of a Centrifugal Pump

Working Principle of a Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump is a device that uses rotational energy to move fluids through a piping system. The energy is supplied by an electric motor, diesel engine, or turbine.

---

How It Works:

1. Fluid Entry (Suction):

Fluid enters the pump through the suction inlet and flows into the impeller eye (the center of the impeller).

2. Impeller Action:

The impeller is a rotating component with vanes that spins at high speed.

As the impeller rotates, it imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, causing it to accelerate outward due to centrifugal force.

3. Pressure Conversion:

The fluid moves from the impeller’s center to its periphery.

As the fluid leaves the impeller, its velocity is converted into pressure energy in the volute casing (a spiral-shaped chamber around the impeller).

4. Fluid Discharge:

The high-pressure fluid exits the pump through the discharge outlet and flows to the desired location in the piping system.

---

Key Components of a Centrifugal Pump:

1. Impeller:

The rotating part that imparts kinetic energy to the fluid.

2. Casing:

A housing that collects and directs the fluid, converting velocity into pressure.

3. Shaft:

Connects the impeller to the motor or driver.

4. Bearings:

Support the shaft and reduce friction during rotation.

5. Seal or Packing:

Prevents fluid leakage around the rotating shaft.

6. Suction and Discharge Nozzles:

The inlet (suction) and outlet (discharge) points for fluid flow.